Rimini to Istanbul
Rome2Rio compared 12 ways to get from Rimini to Istanbul. The best route is Train to Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport, fly to Istanbul, a distance of 1381.879 km.
Train to Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport, fly to Istanbul
best- Take the train from Rimini to Bologna Centraletrain
- Fly from Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport (BLQ) to Istanbul (IST)plane BLQ - IST
6h 53m₺6,722–17,146Fly Federico Fellini Airport to Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport
cheapest- Fly from Federico Fellini Airport (RMI) to Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport (SAW)plane RMI - SAW
8h 41m₺4,461–17,208Train, bus
- Take the train from Rimini to Bologna Centraletrain Fr
- Take the train from Bologna Centrale to Padovatrain Fr
- Take the bus from Padova to Sofia Central Bus Stationbus
- Take the train from Sofia to Halkalıtrain
32h 37m₺6,964–14,954Train, night train
- Take the train from Rimini to Bologna Centraletrain Fr
- Take the train from Bologna Centrale to Venezia Mestretrain Fr
- Take the train from Venezia Mestre to Wien Hbftrain Rjx
- Take the train from Wien Hbf to Bucuresti Nordtrain 347
- Take the night train from Bucharest to Halkalinighttrain
39h 48m₺18,948–37,552Drive 1,868.9 km
- Drive from Rimini to Istanbulcar 1,868.9 km
18h 34m₺15,958–23,050Train to Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport, fly to Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport
- Take the train from Rimini to Bologna Centraletrain
- Fly from Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport (BLQ) to Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport (SAW)plane BLQ - SAW
7h 1m₺6,225–74,169Train, train to Venice Marco Polo Airport, fly to Istanbul
- Take the train from Rimini to Bologna Centraletrain
- Take the train from Bologna Centrale to Venezia Mestretrain
- Fly from Venice Marco Polo Airport (VCE) to Istanbul (IST)plane VCE - IST
8h 36m₺6,662–22,196Fly Federico Fellini Airport to Istanbul
- Fly from Federico Fellini Airport (RMI) to Istanbul (IST)plane RMI - IST
9h 44m₺7,658–36,185Train, train to Venice Marco Polo Airport, fly to Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport
- Take the train from Rimini to Bologna Centraletrain
- Take the train from Bologna Centrale to Venezia Mestretrain
- Fly from Venice Marco Polo Airport (VCE) to Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport (SAW)plane VCE - SAW
8h 43m₺7,165–23,219Bus via Belgrade
- Take the bus from Rimini Piazzale Cesare Battisti Bus Stop to Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport Bus Stopbus
- Take the bus from Bologna, Piaza XX Settembre to Beograd, Autobuska stanicabus
- Take the bus from Belgrade bus station to İstanbul Esenler bus stationbus
32h 44m₺7,016–9,516Bus and ferry, bus
- Take the busferry from Rimini to Shkoder,Rruga Teutabusferry
- Take the bus from Shkodër to Istanbulbus
44hBus
- Take the bus from Cesena to Cernavodăbus
- Take the bus from Cernavodă to Istanbulbus
2d 3h
Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport (BLQ) to Istanbul (IST) flights
Questions & Answers
The cheapest way to get from Rimini to Istanbul is to bus via Belgrade which costs 7.000 ₺ - 9.500 ₺ and takes 32h 44m.
The fastest way to get from Rimini to Istanbul is to train and fly which takes 6h 53m and costs 6.500 ₺ - 18.000 ₺.
No, there is no direct bus from Rimini to Istanbul station. However, there are services departing from Rimini Piazzale Cesare Battisti Bus Stop and arriving at İstanbul Esenler bus station via Bologna, Piaza XX Settembre and Belgrade bus station. The journey, including transfers, takes approximately 32h 44m.
No, there is no direct train from Rimini to Istanbul. However, there are services departing from Rimini and arriving at Yenikapi via Bologna Centrale, Venezia Mestre, Wien Hbf, Bucharest and Halkali. The journey, including transfers, takes approximately 39h 48m.
The distance between Rimini and Istanbul is 1622 km. The road distance is 1868.9 km.
The best way to get from Rimini to Istanbul without a car is to train and bus which takes 32h 37m and costs 6.500 ₺ - 15.000 ₺.
It takes approximately 6h 53m to get from Rimini to Istanbul, including transfers.
Rimini to Istanbul bus services, operated by Shuttle Italy Airport, depart from Rimini Piazzale Cesare Battisti Bus Stop station.
Rimini to Istanbul train services, operated by Trenitalia Frecce, depart from Rimini station.
The best way to get from Rimini to Istanbul is to fly which takes 9h 44m and costs 7.500 ₺ - 37.000 ₺. Alternatively, you can bus via Belgrade, which costs 7.000 ₺ - 9.500 ₺ and takes 32h 44m.
What companies run services between Rimini, Italy and Istanbul, Turkey?
Ryanair, Turkish Airlines, and two other airlines fly from Federico Fellini Airport (RMI) to Istanbul (IST) 3 times a day. Alternatively, you can take a bus from Rimini Piazzale Cesare Battisti Bus Stop to İstanbul Esenler bus station via Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport Bus Stop, Bologna Aeroporto, Bologna Centrale FS, Bologna, Piaza XX Settembre, Beograd, Autobuska stanica, and Belgrade bus station in around 32h 44m.
- Website
- turkishairlines.com
Flights from Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport to Istanbul
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 40m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- ₺6,000–11,000
Flights from Venice Marco Polo Airport to Istanbul
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 35m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- ₺6,500–15,000
Flights from Federico Fellini Airport to Istanbul via Vienna
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 30m
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, and Saturday
- Estimated price
- ₺8,000–30,000
Flights from Federico Fellini Airport to Istanbul via Chisinau
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 55m
- When
- Tuesday and Saturday
- Estimated price
- ₺4,100–16,000
Flights from Federico Fellini Airport to Istanbul via Sofia
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 25m
- When
- Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday
- Estimated price
- ₺2,900–13,000
Flights from Federico Fellini Airport to Istanbul via Tirana
- Ave. Duration
- 8h 30m
- When
- Monday, Wednesday, and Friday
- Estimated price
- ₺7,500–29,000
Flights from Federico Fellini Airport to Istanbul via Catania
- Ave. Duration
- 9h 15m
- When
- Tuesday, Friday, and Sunday
- Estimated price
- ₺8,500–31,000
Flights from Federico Fellini Airport to Istanbul via Budapest
- Ave. Duration
- 9h 35m
- When
- Monday, Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday
- Estimated price
- ₺8,000–30,000
- Website
- flypgs.com
Flights from Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport to Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 30m
- When
- Every day
- Estimated price
- ₺3,400–17,000
Flights from Venice Marco Polo Airport to Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport
- Ave. Duration
- 2h 25m
- When
- Monday, Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday
- Estimated price
- ₺3,100–16,000
Flights from Federico Fellini Airport to Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport via Prague
- Ave. Duration
- 6h 50m
- When
- Tuesday
- Estimated price
- ₺5,000–23,000
Flights from Federico Fellini Airport to Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport via Vienna
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 45m
- When
- Monday, Tuesday, and Saturday
- Estimated price
- ₺4,400–21,000
- Website
- airserbia.com
Flights from Venice Marco Polo Airport to Istanbul via Belgrade
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 32m
- When
- Monday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday
- Estimated price
- ₺5,000–15,000
- Website
- wizzair.com
Flights from Federico Fellini Airport to Istanbul via Budapest
- Ave. Duration
- 9h 15m
- When
- Monday, Thursday, and Saturday
- Estimated price
- ₺3,600–15,000
- Website
- ajet.com
Flights from Federico Fellini Airport to Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport via Budapest
- Ave. Duration
- 5h 10m
- When
- Friday and Sunday
- Estimated price
- ₺4,300–17,000
- Phone
- +39 06 68475475
- Website
- trenitalia.com
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺850–1,800
- Schedules at
- trenitalia.com
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺850–1,800
- Schedules at
- trenitalia.com
Train from Bologna Centrale to Padova
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 3m
- Frequency
- Every 30 minutes
- Estimated price
- ₺950–1,900
- Schedules at
- trenitalia.com
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺850–1,800
- Schedules at
- trenitalia.com
Train from Bologna Centrale to Venezia Mestre
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 22m
- Frequency
- Every 30 minutes
- Estimated price
- ₺1,200–2,400
- Schedules at
- trenitalia.com
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺850–1,800
- Schedules at
- trenitalia.com
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺850–1,800
- Schedules at
- trenitalia.com
Train from Bologna Centrale to Venezia Mestre
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 22m
- Frequency
- Every 30 minutes
- Estimated price
- ₺1,200–2,400
- Schedules at
- trenitalia.com
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺850–1,800
- Schedules at
- trenitalia.com
Train from Bologna Centrale to Venezia Mestre
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 22m
- Frequency
- Every 30 minutes
- Estimated price
- ₺1,200–2,400
- Schedules at
- trenitalia.com
- Phone
- +39 06 68475475
- Website
- trenitalia.com
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 13m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺600–1,400
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 13m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺600–1,400
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Bologna Centrale to Padova
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 7m
- Frequency
- 4 times a day
- Estimated price
- ₺700–1,500
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 13m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺600–1,400
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Bologna Centrale to Venezia Mestre
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 36m
- Frequency
- 4 times a day
- Estimated price
- ₺850–1,800
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 13m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺600–1,400
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 13m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺600–1,400
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Bologna Centrale to Venezia Mestre
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 36m
- Frequency
- 4 times a day
- Estimated price
- ₺850–1,800
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 13m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺600–1,400
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Bologna Centrale to Venezia Mestre
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 36m
- Frequency
- 4 times a day
- Estimated price
- ₺850–1,800
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
- Phone
- +39.06.5210550
- Website
- trenitalia.com
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 33m
- Frequency
- Every 3 hours
- Estimated price
- ₺700–1,200
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 33m
- Frequency
- Every 3 hours
- Estimated price
- ₺700–1,200
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Bologna Centrale to Padova
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 28m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺800–1,400
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 33m
- Frequency
- Every 3 hours
- Estimated price
- ₺700–1,200
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Bologna Centrale to Venezia Mestre
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 44m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺1,000–1,700
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 33m
- Frequency
- Every 3 hours
- Estimated price
- ₺700–1,200
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 33m
- Frequency
- Every 3 hours
- Estimated price
- ₺700–1,200
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Bologna Centrale to Venezia Mestre
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 44m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺1,000–1,700
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 33m
- Frequency
- Every 3 hours
- Estimated price
- ₺700–1,200
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
Train from Bologna Centrale to Venezia Mestre
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 44m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺1,000–1,700
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
- Phone
- +39 06 68475475
- ufficiogruppi@trenitalia.it
- Website
- trenitalia.com
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 16m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Estimated price
- ₺1,600–4,000
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
- 1st Class
- ₺2,800–4,000
- 2nd Class
- ₺1,600–2,200
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 16m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Estimated price
- ₺1,600–4,000
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
- 1st Class
- ₺2,800–4,000
- 2nd Class
- ₺1,600–2,200
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 16m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Estimated price
- ₺1,600–4,000
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
- 1st Class
- ₺2,800–4,000
- 2nd Class
- ₺1,600–2,200
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 16m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Estimated price
- ₺1,600–4,000
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
- 1st Class
- ₺2,800–4,000
- 2nd Class
- ₺1,600–2,200
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 16m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Estimated price
- ₺1,600–4,000
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
- 1st Class
- ₺2,800–4,000
- 2nd Class
- ₺1,600–2,200
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 16m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Estimated price
- ₺1,600–4,000
- Website
- https://www.trenitalia.com/en.html
- 1st Class
- ₺2,800–4,000
- 2nd Class
- ₺1,600–2,200
- Phone
- +49 30 2970
- Website
- bahn.de
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 14m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- ₺1,100–4,100
- Website
- https://int.bahn.de/en
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 14m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- ₺1,100–4,100
- Website
- https://int.bahn.de/en
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 14m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- ₺1,100–4,100
- Website
- https://int.bahn.de/en
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 14m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- ₺1,100–4,100
- Website
- https://int.bahn.de/en
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 14m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- ₺1,100–4,100
- Website
- https://int.bahn.de/en
Train from Rimini to Bologna Centrale
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 14m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- ₺1,100–4,100
- Website
- https://int.bahn.de/en
- Phone
- +39 06 8937 1892
- Website
- italotreno.it
Train from Bologna Centrale to Padova
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 4m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺800–1,700
- Website
- https://www.italotreno.it/en
Train from Bologna Centrale to Venezia Mestre
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 19m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺1,000–2,000
- Website
- https://www.italotreno.it/en
Train from Bologna Centrale to Venezia Mestre
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 19m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺1,000–2,000
- Website
- https://www.italotreno.it/en
Train from Bologna Centrale to Venezia Mestre
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 19m
- Frequency
- Hourly
- Estimated price
- ₺1,000–2,000
- Website
- https://www.italotreno.it/en
- Phone
- +90 444 8 233
- cozum@tcddtasimacilik.gov.tr
- Website
- tcdd.gov.tr
Train from Sofia to Halkalı
- Ave. Duration
- 11h 49m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- ₺750–4,018
- Website
- https://www.tcdd.gov.tr/lang/en
- Double Room
- ₺2,230
- Single Room
- ₺4,018
- Four Person Room
- ₺1,961
- Phone
- +43 (0)5 1717
- Website
- oebb.at
Train from Venezia Mestre to Wien Hbf
- Ave. Duration
- 7h 3m
- Frequency
- 4 times a day
- Estimated price
- ₺4,900–7,500
- Website
- https://www.oebb.at/en/reiseplanung-services/im-zug/unsere-zuege/railjet
- Website
- https://shop.oebbtickets.at/en/ticket
- *
- ₺4,900–7,500
- Phone
- _AUSTRIAN_RAILWAYS_(ÖBB)
- Website
- oebb.at
Train from Wien Hbf to Bucuresti Nord
- Ave. Duration
- 17h 30m
- Frequency
- Twice daily
- Estimated price
- ₺12,000–22,000
- Website
- https://www.oebb.at/en/
- Phone
- +359 2 931 11 11
- bdz_passengers@bdz.bg
- Website
- bdz.bg
Night train from Bucharest to Halkali
- Ave. Duration
- 9h 8m
- Frequency
- Twice a week
- Estimated price
- ₺500–1,422
- Website
- https://www.bdz.bg/en
- 2nd Class
- ₺500–750
- 1st Class
- ₺550–750
- Phone
- +359 2 980 56 58
- info@mm-travel.bg
- Website
- mm-travel.bg
Bus from Padova to Sofia Central Bus Station
- Ave. Duration
- 16h
- Frequency
- 3 times a week
- Estimated price
- ₺4,847
- Schedules at
- mm-travel.bg
- Book at
- tickets.mm-travel.bg
- Phone
- +39 0541 600100
- info@shuttleriminibologna.it
- Website
- shuttleitalyairport.it
Bus from Rimini Piazzale Cesare Battisti Bus Stop to Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport Bus Stop
- Ave. Duration
- 1h 30m
- Frequency
- Every 2 hours
- Estimated price
- ₺1,454–1,616
- Schedules at
- shuttleitalyairport.it
- Standard Fare
- ₺1,616
- Phone
- +381 11 7620255
- office@fudeks.rs
- Website
- fudeks.rs
Bus from Bologna, Piaza XX Settembre to Beograd, Autobuska stanica
- Ave. Duration
- 14h 30m
- Frequency
- Twice a week
- Estimated price
- ₺4,200–6,000
- Website
- http://en.fudeks.rs/timetable/
- Phone
- 444 0 562
- kamilkoc@kamilkoc.com.tr
- Website
- flixbus.com.tr
Bus from Belgrade bus station to İstanbul Esenler bus station
- Ave. Duration
- 14h 25m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- ₺1,200–1,700
- Schedules at
- flixbus.com.tr
- Phone
- 0545 792 30 02
- info@luksyonca.com.tr
- Website
- luksyonca.com.tr
Bus from Belgrade bus station to İstanbul Esenler bus station
- Ave. Duration
- 10h 15m
- Frequency
- Twice a week
- Estimated price
- ₺1,900
- Schedules at
- luksyonca.com.tr
- Phone
- +355697580270
- Website
- mabaviaggi.com
Busferry from Rimini to Shkoder,Rruga Teuta
- Ave. Duration
- 24h 30m
- Frequency
- Twice a week
- Schedules at
- viaggipullmanalbania.it
- Phone
- +90 212 658 18 51
- info@alparturizm.com.tr
- Website
- alparturizm.com.tr
Bus from Shkodër to Istanbul
- Ave. Duration
- 18h 30m
- Frequency
- 6 times a week
- Estimated price
- ₺2,100–3,700
- Website
- https://www.alparturizm.com.tr/en/
- Phone
- 0040374557200
- Website
- romfour.com
Bus from Cesena to Cernavodă
- Ave. Duration
- 36h 24m
- Frequency
- Once a week
- Schedules at
- romfour-door2door.autogari.ro
- Phone
- +4-0241-831.491
- office@transevren.ro
- Website
- transevren.ro
Bus from Cernavodă to Istanbul
- Ave. Duration
- 12h 47m
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Estimated price
- ₺1,300–3,100
- Schedules at
- transevren.autogari.ro
Want to know more about travelling around Türkiye
Rome2Rio's Travel Guide series provide vital information for the global traveller. Filled with useful and timely travel information, the guides answer all the hard questions - such as 'How do I buy a ticket?', 'Should I book online before I travel? ', 'How much should I expect to pay?', 'Do the trains and buses have Wifi?' - to help you get the most out of your next trip.
Related travel guides
Italy Travel Guides
Read the travel guide
More Questions & Answers
Rimini to Istanbul bus services, operated by Shuttle Italy Airport, arrive at Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport Bus Stop station.
Istanbul is 1h ahead of Rimini. It is currently 2:45 PM in Rimini and 3:45 PM in Istanbul.
Rimini to Istanbul train services, operated by Trenitalia Frecce, arrive at Bologna Centrale station.
Yes, the driving distance between Rimini to Istanbul is 1869 km. It takes approximately 18h 34m to drive from Rimini to Istanbul.
Book your Rimini to Istanbul bus tickets online with Omio.
There are 4408+ hotels available in Istanbul.







































































